Kureba Kwakadii Pakati Pemapfundo Epazamu Nekenza Yepazamu?

Zvichienderana nedata reGlobal Cancer Burden ra2020 rakaburitswa neInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),kenza yemazamuVanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 2.26 pasi rose vakabatwa nechirwere ichi, vachipfuura vanhu mamiriyoni 2.2 vari mukenza yemapapu.Nechikamu che11.7% chevarwere vatsva vegomarara, kenza yemazamu iri panzvimbo yekutanga, zvichiita kuti ive mhando yekenza yakajairika. Nhamba idzi dzakaita kuti vakadzi vakawanda vazive uye vatye nezvemapundu emazamu nemazamu.

Zvaunofanira Kuziva Nezvemapundu Epazamu
Mapundu ezamu anowanzo kureva mapundu kana kuti mabundu anowanikwa muzamu. Mapundu mazhinji aya haana njodzi (haakonzeri kenza). Zvimwe zvinokonzera njodzi zvinosanganisira hutachiona hwemazamu, fibroadenomas, simple cysts, fat necrosis, fibrocystic changes, uye intraductal papillomas.
Zviratidzo Zvekunyevera:

    
Zvisinei, chikamu chidiki chemapundu epazamu chinogona kuva nekenza (kenza), uye chinogona kuratidza zvinoteverazviratidzo zvekunyevera:

• Saizi:Mapundu makuruvanowanzotaura zvinovanetsa zviri nyore.
• Chimiro:Mapundu ane mipendero isina kurongeka kana kuti yakakombamavane mukana wakakura wekuva nekenza.
• Magadzirirwo: Kana paine bunduzvinonzwa zvakaoma kana kuti zvine magadzirirwo asina kuenzana kana zvabatwa, kuferefeta kwakawanda kunodiwa. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kuvakadzimakore anopfuura makumi mashanu, sezvo njodzi yekubatwa negomarara ichikwira nekukura.

Kuongororwa kweMapundu eZamu uye Kukosha kweKuongororwa kweKenza yeZamu Nekutanga
Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kunyange hazvo kuwanda kwechirwere chegomarara remazamu kuri kuwedzera, huwandu hwevanhu vanofa negomarara remazamu huri kudzikira munyika dzekuMadokero mumakore gumi apfuura.Chikonzero chikuru chekuderera uku chinogona kukonzerwa nekugadziriswa kwenzira dzekuongorora chirwere nekukurumidza uye nzira dzekurapa, pamwe nekuongororwa kwegomarara remazamu kuri chinhu chakakosha.
1. Nzira dzeKuongorora

• Parizvino, tsvakiridzo pamusoro pemusiyano wekunzwisisa pakati penzira dzakasiyana dzekuongorora dzinonyanya kubva kunyika dzekuMadokero. Kuongororwa kwemazamu ekiriniki kune kunzwisisika kwakaderera kana tichienzanisa nehunyanzvi hwekufungidzira. Pakati penzira dzekufungidzira, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ndiyo inonyanya kunzwisisika, nepo mammography ne ultrasound yemazamu zvine kunzwisisika kwakafanana.
• Kuongororwa kwebvudzi rezamu (mammography) kune mukana wakasiyana pakuona calcium inokonzerwa nekenza yemazamu.
• Pamaronda ari mumatishu ezamu akakora, ultrasound yemazamu ine mukana wekuona zviri nani kupfuura mammography.
• Kuwedzera mifananidzo yeultrasound yezamu rose pa mammography kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mukana wekuona kenza yemazamu.
• Kenza yemazamu inonyanya kuwanikwa kuvakadzi vasati vasvika nguva yekuenda kumwedzi vane huwandu hwakawanda hwemazamu. Saka, kushandisa mammography pamwe chete uye ultrasound yemazamu ese zviri nani.
• Kana paine chiratidzo chaicho chekubuda kwetsvina muzamu, intraductal endoscopy inogona kuongorora zvakananga nzira yekubvisa mazamu kuti ione kana paine zvisina kunaka mukati metsinga dzemuzamu.
• Kufungidzira magineti emuzamu (MRI) pari zvino kunokurudzirwa pasi rose kune vanhu vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nekenza yemazamu muhupenyu hwavo hwese, sevaya vane hutachiona hwekuchinja kwemajini eBRCA1/2.

2. Kuzviongorora Zamu Nguva Dzose
Kuzviongorora mazamu kwakakurudzirwa kare, asi tsvakiridzo yazvino inoratidza kutihazvideredzi kufa kwekenza yemazamu. Gwaro reAmerican Cancer Society (ACS) ra2005 harichakurudziri kuti munhu azviongorore mazamu mwedzi wega wega senzira yekuona kenza yemazamu nekukurumidza. Zvisinei, kuzviongorora mazamu nguva dzose kuchiri kukosha panyaya yekuona kenza yemazamu padanho rekupedzisira uye kuona kenza dzinogona kuitika pakati pekuongororwa nguva dzose.

3. Kukosha kweKuongororwa Kwechirwere Chekutanga
Kuongororwa kenza yemazamu nekukurumidza kune mabhenefiti akakosha. Semuenzaniso, kuona kenza yemazamu isingakuvadzi kunogona kudzivirira kudiwa kwechemotherapy. Pamusoro pezvo,Kuonekwa kwegomarara remazamu nekukurumidza kunopa mikana yakawanda yekurapwa kuchengetedza mazamu, izvo zvinochengetedza nyama yemazamu. Zvinowedzerawo mikana yekudzivirira kuvhiyiwa kwekubvisa lymph node muaxillary, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwemakumbo ekumusoro.Saka, kuongororwa kwechirwere nenguva kunobvumira dzimwe nzira dzekurapa uye kunoderedza kukanganisa kungangoitika pahupenyu.

Nzira uye Maitiro Ekuongorora Nekukurumidza
1. Kuongororwa Kwenguva Yekutanga: Maronda Epazamu Ekutanga uye Kusimbiswa Kwezvirwere
Ongororo dzichangoburwa dzinoratidza kuti kuongororwa kwegomarara remazamu uchishandisa mammography kunogona kuderedza njodzi yegore negore yekufa negomarara remazamu ne20% kusvika 40%.
2. Kuongororwa kwezvirwere

• Kuongororwa kwezvirwere kunoonekwa sechiyero chendarama.
• Nzira yega yega yekutora mifananidzo ine nzira dzakakodzera dzekutora sampuli dzezvirwere. Sezvo maronda mazhinji asina zviratidzo anowanikwa asina njodzi, nzira yakakodzera inofanira kunge yakarurama, yakavimbika, uye isingapindi zvakanyanya.
• Kuongororwa kwetsinga dzeropa uchishandisa ultrasound ndiyo nzira inonyanya kufarirwa pari zvino, inoshanda kune vanhu vanodarika 80%.

3. Zvinhu Zvikuru Pakuongorora Kenza Yemazamu Nekukurumidza

• Mafungiro akanaka: Zvakakosha kuti usaregeredze hutano hwemazamu asiwo usatye. Gomarara remazamu chirwere chisingaperi chegomarara chinopindura zvakanyanya kurapwa. Nekurapwa kunoshanda, zviitiko zvakawanda zvinogona kurarama kwenguva refu. Chinokosha ndechekutikutora chikamu chakakosha mukuongororwa kwechirwere nekukurumidza kuderedza kukanganisa kwegomarara remazamu pahutano.
• Nzira dzekuongorora dzakavimbika: Muzvikoro zvehunyanzvi, nzira yakazara inosanganisa ultrasound imaging ne mammography inokurudzirwa.
• Kuongororwa nguva dzose: Kubva pazera remakore makumi matatu nemashanu kusvika makumi mana, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uongororwe zamu gore rega rega kusvika maviri.