"Cancer" ndiro "dhimoni" rinotyisa zvikuru mumishonga yemazuva ano.Vanhu vari kuramba vachitarisa kutariswa kwegomarara nekudzivirira."Tumor markers," sechishandiso chakatwasuka chekuongorora, chave nzvimbo yekutarisa.Nekudaro, kuvimba chete neakakwirisa mabundu mamaki anogona kazhinji kutungamira kune zvisirizvo nezvemamiriro chaiwo.
Chii chinonzi Tumor Markers?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mamaki emamota anoreva akasiyana mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi, enzymes, uye mahomoni anogadzirwa mumuviri wemunhu.Tumor mamaki anogona kushandiswa sematurusi ekuongorora ekutanga kuona kenza.Zvisineyi, kukosha kwekiriniki kwechiratidzo chebundu chakakwira zvishoma zvishoma.Mukuita kwekiriniki, mamiriro akasiyana-siyana akadai sehutachiona, kuzvimba, uye kubata pamuviri kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemamota mamaki.Pamusoro pezvo, mararamiro asina hutano akadai sekuputa, kunwa doro, uye kunonoka kurara anogona zvakare kutungamira kune akakwira mabundu mamaki.Naizvozvo, vanachiremba vanowanzo tarisa zvakanyanya kune maitiro e tumor marker anochinja nekufamba kwenguva kwete kudiki kuchinja mune imwechete bvunzo mhinduro.Nekudaro, kana imwe bundu mamaki, senge CEA kana AFP (yakatarwa tumarara mamaki ekenza yemapapu nechiropa), yakasimudzwa zvakanyanya, inosvika zviuru zvinoverengeka kana makumi ezviuru, inoda kutariswa nekuenderera mberi nekuferefeta.
Kukosha kweTumor Markers muCancer Early Screening
Tumor mamaki hausi humbowo hwakakwana hwekuongorora gomarara, asi ivo vachiri kubata zvakakosha mukuongororwa kenza mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.Mamwe mabundu mamaki anotarisisa, senge AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) yegomarara rechiropa.Muchiito chekiriniki, kukwidziridzwa kusingaite kweAFP, pamwe nekuongororwa kwekufungidzira uye nhoroondo yechirwere chechiropa, inogona kushandiswa seumboo hwekuongorora kenza yechiropa.Saizvozvo, mamwe akakwira bundu mamaki anogona kuratidza kuvepo kwemamota mumunhu ari kuongororwa.
Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve kuti kuongororwa kwese gomarara kunofanirwa kusanganisira kuongororwa tumormarker.Tinokurudziratumor marker screening kunyanya kune vanhu vari panjodzi huru:
- Vanhu vane makore makumi mana zvichikwira vane nhoroondo yekusvuta zvakanyanya (nguva yekusvuta inowedzerwa nemidzanga inoputa pazuva> mazana mana).
- Vanhu vane makore makumi mana uye pamusoro vanodhakwa nedoro kana zvirwere zvechiropa (zvakadai sehepatitis A, B, C, kana cirrhosis).
- Vanhu vane makore makumi mana uye pamusoro vane chirwere cheHelicobacter pylori mudumbu kana chisingaperi gastritis.
- Vanhu vane makore makumi mana zvichikwira vane nhoroondo yemhuri yegomarara (inopfuura hama imwe yakananga yeropa yakaonekwa iine mhando imwechete yegomarara).
Basa reTumor Markers muAdjuvant Cancer Treatment
Kushandiswa kwakakodzera kweshanduko mumakaki emamota kwakakosha kuti vanachiremba vagadzirise panguva yavo nzira dzekurwisa cancer uye kutonga maitiro ese ekurapa.Muchokwadi, tumor marker bvunzo mhinduro dzinosiyana kune mumwe nemumwe murwere.Vamwe varwere vanogona kunge vaine akajairwa tumarara mamaki, nepo vamwe vangave nemazinga anosvika makumi kana kunyange mazana ezviuru.Izvi zvinoreva kuti isu hatina maitiro akaenzana ekuyera shanduko dzavo.Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa yakasarudzika tumor marker musiyano wakanangana nemurwere wega wega unoumba hwaro hwekuongorora mafambiro echirwere kuburikidza nemabundu mamaki.
Iyo yakavimbika yekuongorora sisitimu inofanirwa kuve nemaitiro maviri:"specificity"uye"sensitivity":
Zvakananga:Izvi zvinoreva kana shanduko dzemabundu mamaki dzinoenderana nemamiriro emurwere.
Semuenzaniso, kana tikaona kuti iyo AFP (alpha-fetoprotein, chaiyo tumor marker yekenza yechiropa) yemurwere ane cancer yechiropa iri pamusoro peyakajairwa, chiratidzo chavo chebundu chinoratidza "chaizvo."Sezvineiwo, kana iyo AFP yemurwere wekenza yemapapu ichidarika yakajairika, kana kana munhu ane hutano aine AFP yakakwira, kukwidziridzwa kwavo kweAFP hakuratidzi chaiyo.
Sensitivity:Izvi zvinoratidza kana zviratidzo zvebundu zvemurwere zvinoshanduka nekufambira mberi kwebundu.
Semuyenzaniso, panguva yekutarisa zvine simba, kana tikaona kuti CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen, chaiyo bundu mamaki kune isiri diki kenza yemapapu) yemurwere wekenza yemapapu inowedzera kana kuderera pamwe nekuchinja kwekukura kwebundu, uye ichitevera maitiro ekurapa. isu tinogona kutanga taziva kunzwisiswa kwebundu marker yavo.
Kana zviratidzo zvebundu zvakavimbika (zvine zvese zvakanangana uye kunzwisiswa) zvatangwa, varwere nanachiremba vanogona kuita ongororo yakadzama yemamiriro emurwere zvichienderana nekuchinja chaiko mumakaki emamota.Iyi nzira ine kukosha kwakakosha kuti vanachiremba vagadzire hurongwa hwekurapa chaihwo uye vagadzirise marapirwo emunhu.
Varwere vanogona zvakare kushandisa shanduko inochinja mumabundu mamaki avo kuti vaone kuramba kwemamwe mishonga uye kudzivirira kufambira mberi kwechirwere nekuda kwekuramba zvinodhaka.Zvisinei,zvakakosha kuziva kuti kushandisa mabundu mamaki kuongorora mamiriro emurwere ingori nzira yekuwedzera yevanachiremba mukurwisa kwavo gomarara uye haifanirwe kutorwa sechinzvimbo chegoridhe chekutevera-kuongororwa kwekufungidzira kwekurapa (kusanganisira CT scans. , MRI, PET-CT, nezvimwewo).
Common Tumor Markers: Chii?
AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein):
Alpha-fetoprotein is glycoprotein iyo inowanzogadzirwa ne embryonic stem cells.Makwikwi akakwira anogona kuratidza zvakaipa zvakaita segomarara rechiropa.
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen):
Yakakwira mazinga ecarcinoembryonic antigen anogona kuratidza akasiyana cancer cancer, kusanganisira colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, uye mazamu.
CA 199 (Carbohydrate Antigen 199):
Yakakwira mazinga emakhahydrates antigen 199 anowanzoonekwa mupancreatic cancer uye zvimwe zvirwere zvakaita segomarara renduru, kenza yechiropa, uye colon cancer.
CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125):
Cancer antigen 125 inonyanya kushandiswa sechishandiso chekuongorora chegomarara reovarian uye inogona kuwanikwa mugomarara rezamu, pancreatic cancer, uye gastric cancer.
TA 153 (Tumor Antigen 153):
Akakwira mazinga e tumor antigen 153 anowanzo onekwa mugomarara rezamu uye anogona kuwanikwa mugomarara reovarian, pancreatic cancer, uye chiropa.
CA 50 (Cancer Antigen 50):
Cancer antigen 50 isiri-yakananga tumor marker inonyanya kushandiswa seyainobatsira yekuongorora chirwere chepancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, uye zvimwe zvirwere.
CA 242 (Carbohydrate Antigen 242):
Mhedzisiro yakanaka yecarbohydrate antigen 242 inowanzobatanidzwa nemamota ekugaya.
β2-Microglobulin:
β2-microglobulin inonyanya kushandiswa kutarisa renal tubular basa uye inogona kuwedzera kune varwere vane renal kukundikana, kuzvimba, kana mapundu.
Serum Ferritin:
Kuderera kwemazinga e serum ferritin kunogona kuonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai seanemia, asi kuwedzera kwemazinga kunogona kuonekwa muzvirwere zvakadai se leukemia, chirwere chechiropa, uye matumbo akaipa.
NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase):
Neuron-specific enolase ipuroteni inonyanya kuwanikwa mumaneuron uye neuroendocrine masero.Irevity tumor marker yediki cell remapapu cancer.
hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin):
Chorionic gonadotropin yemunhu ihomoni ine chekuita nekuzvitakura.Mazinga akakwira anogona kuratidza kuve nepamuviri, pamwe nezvirwere zvakaita segomarara remuchibereko, gomarara reovarian, uye testicular tumors.
TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor):
Tumor necrosis factor inobatanidzwa mukuuraya bundu masero, immune regulation, uye kuzvimba maitiro.Kuwedzera kwemazinga kunogona kuve kwakabatana nehutachiona kana autoimmune zvirwere uye zvinogona kuratidza mukana webundu njodzi.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-01-2023