Uri Kure Sei Pakati PemaNodule Ezamu neCancer Rezamu?

Zvinoenderana ne2020 Global Cancer Burden data yakaburitswa neInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),kenza yemazamu2.26 miriyoni itsva pasi rose, inodarika kenza yemapapu nemamiriyoni maviri nemazana maviri ezvirwere.Nechikamu che11.7% chezviitiko zvitsva zvekenza, gomarara rezamu rinotanga, zvichiita kuti rive rudzi rwekenza yakajairika.Nhamba idzi dzakasimudza kuziva uye kunetseka pakati pevakadzi vasingaverengeki pamusoro pemazamu ezamu uye mazamu.

Zvaunoda Kuziva Nezve Breast Nodules
Mazamu emuzamu anowanzo reva mapundu kana mazamu anowanikwa muzamu.Mazhinji emapundu aya ane benign (kwete kenza).Zvimwe zvinowanzoitika zvinokonzeresa zvinosanganisira kutapukira kwemazamu, fibroadenomas, simple cysts, fat necrosis, fibrocystic changes, uye intraductal papillomas.
Yambiro zviratidzo:

    
Zvisinei, chikamu chiduku chemazamu ezamu chinogona kuva chakaipa (gomarara), uye chinogona kuratidza zvinoteverazviratidzo zvekunyevera:

• SaiziManodule makuruvanowanzotaura zvinonetsa zviri nyore.
• Chimiro:Manodule ane mipendero isina kujairika kana yakakombamavane mukana wakakura wekurwara.
• Texture: Kana noduleinonzwa yakaoma kana ine chimiro chisina kuenzana pakubata, kumwe kuongorora kunodiwa.Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune vakadzianopfuura makore makumi mashanu, sezvo njodzi yekurwara inowedzera nezera.

Kuongororwa Kwemazamu Emazamu uye Kukosha Kwekutanga Kuongororwa Kenza Yezamu
Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kunyange hazvo huwandu hwegomarara rezamu huri kuwedzera, huwandu hwevanhu vanofa negomarara rezamu huri kuderera munyika dzekuMadokero mumakore gumi apfuura.Chikonzero chikuru chekudzikira uku chinogona kuverengerwa nekugadziriswa kwekutanga kuongororwa uye nzira dzekurapa, nekuongororwa kenza yemazamu chiri chinhu chakakosha.
1. Nzira dzekuongorora

• Parizvino, tsvagiridzo pamusoro pekunzwa mutsauko pakati penzira dzakasiyana dzebvunzo dzinowanzobva kunyika dzekuMadokero.Makiriniki ekuongororwa kwezamu ane kuderera kwekunzwa zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro ekufungidzira.Pakati pemitoo yekufungidzira, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ine manzwiro epamusoro-soro, nepo mammography nezamu reultrasound zvine manzwiro akafanana.
• Mammography ine mukana wakasarudzika mukuona macalcification ane chekuita negomarara rezamu.
• Pamaronda ari munyama yezamu yakakora, mazamu eultrasound ane kunzwisiswa kwakanyanya kudarika mammography.
• Kuwedzera-yakazara-zamu ultrasound imaging kune mammography inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mwero wekuonekwa kwegomarara rezamu.
• Gomarara repazamu rinonyanya kuwanda kuvakadzi vasati vasvika kumwedzi vane density yakakwira yemazamu.Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwakabatanidzwa kwemammography uye mazamu e-ultrasound imaging inonzwisisika.
• Nekuda kwechiratidzo chaicho chekubuda muzamhu, intraductal endoscopy inogona kupa ongororo yakananga yezamu reduti system kuti ione chero kusagadzikana mukati memadhakisi.
• Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parizvino inokurudzirwa pasi rese kune vanhu vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa negomarara rezamu muhupenyu hwavo hwese, sevaya vanotakura pathogenic mutations muBRCA1/2 majini.

2.Regular Breast Self-Examination
Kuzviongorora kwemazamu kwaikurudzirwa kare, asi tsvakiridzo yemazuva ano inoratidza izvozvohazvideredzi kufa kwegomarara rezamu.Gwaro ra2005 reAmerican Cancer Society (ACS) nhungamiro haichakurudziri kuzviongorora mazamu pamwedzi wega wega senzira yekukasika kuona gomarara rezamu.Nekudaro, kugara uchizviongorora mazamu kuchiri kune imwe kukosha maererano nekugona kuziva gomarara rezamu pane inotevera nhanho uye kuona gomarara rinogona kuitika pakati pekuongororwa.

3.Kukosha Kwekutanga Kuongororwa
Kukurumidza kuongororwa kwegomarara rezamu kune zvakawanda zvakakosha.Semuenzaniso, kuona kenza yemazamu isingapindike inogona kudzivirira kudiwa kwechemotherapy.Uyezve,kukurumidza kuonekwa kwegomarara rezamu kunopa mikana yakawanda yekurapa-kuchengetedza mazamu, iyo inochengetedza mazamu.Inowedzerawo mikana yekudzivisa axillary lymph node dissection kuvhiyiwa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwekushanda mumakumbo epamusoro.Naizvozvo, kuongororwa panguva yakakodzera kunobvumira dzimwe sarudzo mukurapa uye kunoderedza zvinogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwehupenyu.

Nzira uye Maitiro eKuongororwa Kwekutanga
1. Kuongororwa Kwepakutanga: Maronda Ekutanga Mazamu uye Pathological Confirmation
Zvichangoburwa zvakabuda muongororo inoratidza kuti kuongororwa gomarara rezamu uchishandisa mammography kunogona kuderedza njodzi yepagore yekufa kwegomarara rezamu ne20% kusvika 40%.
2. Pathological Examination

• Pathological diagnostic inoonekwa seyegoridhe mwero.
• Imwe neimwe nzira yekufungidzira ine inoenderana pathological sampling nzira.Sezvo maronda mazhinji asymptomatic akawanikwa asina kunaka, nzira yakakodzera inofanirwa kuve yakarurama, yakavimbika, uye isinganyanyi kupindira.
• Ultrasound-inotungamirwa core tsono biopsy ndiyo inosarudzwa nzira, inoshanda kune anopfuura 80% ezviitiko.

3. Zvinhu Zvinokosha Pakukurumidza Kuongororwa Gomarara Rezamu

• Positive mindset: Zvakakosha kuti usafuratira hutano hwezamu asiwo usatya.Chirwere chegomarara rezamu chirwere chisingaperi chinodaira kurapwa.Nekurapa kunoshanda, zviitiko zvakawanda zvinogona kuwana kurarama kwenguva refu.Chinokosha ndechekutikushingaira kutora chikamu mukuongororwa kwekutanga kuderedza kukanganisa kwegomarara rezamu pahutano.
• Nzira dzekuongorora dzakavimbika: Mumasangano ehunyanzvi, nzira yakazara yekubatanidza ultrasound imaging uye mammography inokurudzirwa.
• Kugara uchiongororwa: Kubva pazera remakore 35 kusvika ku40, zvinokurudzirwa kuongororwa mazamu pamakore 1 kusvika ku2 oga oga.