Chirwere chegomarara remudumbu chine chiitiko chepamusoro pakati pemamota ese emudumbu pasi rose.Zvisinei, chirwere chinodzivirirwa uye chinorapika.Nekurarama hupenyu hune hutano, kugara uchiongororwa, uye kutsvaga kuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa, tinogona kurwisa chirwere ichi nemazvo.Ngatikupei tsananguro pamibvunzo mipfumbamwe yakakosha kuti ikubatsire kunzwisisa zviri nani gomarara remudumbu.
1. Gomarara remudumbu rinosiyana here nerudzi, dunhu, uye zera?
Zvinoenderana neazvino data regomarara repasi rose muna 2020, China yakashuma vanhu vanosvika miriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mashanu nenomwe, vane gomarara remudumbu.480,000 makesi, kana 10.8%, iri pakati pevatatu vepamusoro.Gomarara remudumbu rinoratidza kusiyana kwakajeka maererano nerudzi uye dunhu.Dunhu reEast Asia inzvimbo ine njodzi huru yegomarara remudumbu, neChina, Japan, neSouth Korea inosvika makumi manomwe muzana ematambudziko pasi rese.Izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita se genetic predisposition, kudyiwa kwechikafu chakagochwa uye chakakangwa, uye huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuputa mudunhu iri.Munyika yeChina, gomarara remudumbu rakatekeshera munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe dzine munyu wakawanda, pamwe nepakati nepakati peRwizi rweYangtze nenzvimbo dzine hurombo.
Pazera, avhareji yegomarara remudumbu iri pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu nemakumi matanhatu.Mumakore gumi apfuura, huwandu hwechirwere chegomarara remudumbu muChina hwakaramba hwakagadzikana, nekuwedzera kudiki.Zvisinei, mwero wezvinoitika pakati pepwere wave uchikwira pamwero unokurumidza, kupfuura avhareji yenyika.Pamusoro pezvo, zviitiko izvi zvinowanzoonekwa segomarara remudumbu rakapararira, iro rinopa matambudziko ekurapa.
2. Gomarara remudumbu rine maronda emudumbu here?Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvikuru?
Gastric polyps, chronic atrophic gastritis, uye yakasara mudumbu zvinhu zvine njodzi yegomarara remudumbu.Kukura kwegomarara remudumbu ndeye multifactorial, multilevel, uye multistage process.Muchikamu chekutanga chegomarara remudumbu,varwere kazhinji havaratidzi zviratidzo zviri pachena, kana kuti vanogona kungonzwa kusagadzikana mudumbu repamusoro,atypical pamusoro abdominal kurwadziwa, kurasikirwa nechido chekudya, kuzvimba, kuzvimba, uye mune dzimwe nguva, tsvina nhema kana kurutsa ropa.Kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa zvakanyanya,zvichiratidza pakati kusvika padanho repamusoro regomarara remudumbu, varwere vanogona kuona kurasikirwa kusinganzwisisiki, anemia,hypoalbuminemia (yakaderera mazinga eprotein muropa), edema,marwadzo emudumbu anoramba aripo, kurutsa ropa, uyezvituru zvitema, pakati pevamwe.
3. Vanhu vari panjodzi huru yegomarara remudumbu vangaonekwa sei nguva ichiripo?
Nhoroondo yemhuri yemamota: Kana paine zviitiko zvemamota emudumbu kana mamwe mamota muzvizvarwa zviviri kana zvitatu zvehama, mukana wekuita gomarara remudumbu wakakura.Nzira inokurudzirwa ndeyekuongororwa neunyanzvi bundu makore angangoita 10-15 makore apfuura kupfuura zera rechidiki renhengo yemhuri ine cancer.Kune kenza yemudumbu, gastroscopy kuongororwa kunofanirwa kuitwa makore ese matatu, sekurairwa nachiremba.Semuenzaniso, kana mudiki wemumhuri ane kenza aine makore makumi mashanu nemashanu, yekutanga gastroscopy kuongororwa kunofanirwa kuitwa pazera remakumi mana.
Vanhu vane nhoroondo yakareba yekusvuta, kunwa doro, kufarira kwezvokudya zvinopisa, zvakakanyiwa, uye zvakakangwa, uye kunyanya kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvine munyu vanofanira kukurumidza kugadzirisa tsika idzi dzisina kunaka, sezvo dzinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru mudumbu.
Varwere vane maronda emudumbu, gastritis isingaperi, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvemudumbu vanofanira kushingaira kutsvaga kurapwa kudzivirira kufambira mberi kwechirwere uye kugara vachiongororwa kuchipatara.
4. Ko gastritis isingaperi uye maronda emudumbu anogona kukonzera kenza yemudumbu here?
Zvimwe zvirwere zvegastric zvine njodzi huru yegomarara remudumbu uye zvinofanirwa kutorwa zvakanyanya.Zvisinei, kuva nezvirwere zvomudumbu hazvirevi hazvo kuti munhu achava negomarara remudumbu.Maronda emudumbu akanyatsobatanidzwa nenjodzi yakawedzera yekuva negomarara.Nguva refu uye yakaoma gastritis isingaperi, kunyanya kana ichiratidza zviratidzo zveatrophy, intestinal metaplasia, kana atypical hyperplasia, inoda kunyatsotariswa.Zvakakosha kuti pakarepo usiye tsika dzisina kunaka dzakadai sekumira kusvuta, kuderedza kunwa doro, uye kudzivisa zvokudya zvakakangwa uye zvine munyu wakawanda.Pamusoro pezvo, zvinokurudzirwa kugara uchiongororwa gore rega rega nana chiremba wezvedumbu kuti vaone mamiriro chaiwo uye kufunga kurudziro yakaita segastroscopy kana mushonga.
5. Pane hukama here pakati peHelicobacter pylori negomarara remudumbu?
Helicobacter pylori ibhakitiriya inowanikwa mudumbu, uye inosanganiswa neimwe mhando yekenza yemudumbu.Kana munhu akaonekwa aine chirwere cheHelicobacter pylori uyewo ane zvirwere zvisingaperi zvemudumbu zvakadai sechirwere chegastritis kana maronda emudumbu, njodzi yavo yekubatwa negomarara remudumbu inowedzera.Kutsvaga kurapwa panguva yakakodzera kwakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.Pamusoro pemunhu anenge abatwa achirapwa, nhengo dzemhuri dzinofanirwawo kuongororwa uye kufunga nezve kurapwa kwakabatana kana zvichidikanwa.
6. Pane imwe nzira inorwadza zvishoma kune gastroscopy?
Zvechokwadi, kuita gastroscopy pasina marwadzo ekuderedza marwadzo kunogona kusagadzikana.Nekudaro, kana zvasvika pakuona kenza-yekutanga kenza yemudumbu, gastroscopy parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushanda nzira.Dzimwe nzira dzekuongorora dzinogona kusaona gomarara remudumbu panguva yekutanga, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mikana yekubudirira kurapwa.
Chakanakira gastroscopy ndechekuti inobvumira vanachiremba kuti vaone zvakananga dumbu nekuisa chubhu yakatetepa, inochinjika kuburikidza nesophagus uye kushandisa diki kamera-yakafanana probe.Izvi zvinoita kuti vave nemaonero akajeka emudumbu uye vasapotsa chero shanduko dzisiri pachena.Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvegomarara remudumbu zvinogona kuve zvidiki, zvakafanana nediki paruoko rwedu zvatisingatarise, asi panogona kuve nekuchinja kushoma muruvara rwemudumbu.Nepo maCT scans uye maajenti ekusiyanisa achikwanisa kuona mamwe makuru egastric abnormalities, anogona kusatora shanduko dzakajeka dzakadaro.Saka, kune avo vanokurudzirwa kuita gastroscopy, zvakakosha kuti usazeza.
7. Ndeipi chiyero chegoridhe chekuongorora gomarara remudumbu?
Gastroscopy uye pathological biopsy ndiyo chiyero chegoridhe chekuongorora gomarara remudumbu.Izvi zvinopa qualitative diagnosis, inoteverwa nekuita.Kuvhiya, kurapwa nemwaranzi, chemotherapy, uye tsigiro yekuchengetedza ndiyo nzira huru dzekurapa cancer yemudumbu.Kuvhiya ndiko kurapwa kwekutanga kwegomarara remudumbu, uye kurapwa kwakadzama kwakawanda pari zvino kunoonekwa senzira yepamusoro yekurapa cancer yemudumbu.Zvichienderana nemamiriro emuviri wemurwere, kufambira mberi kwechirwere, uye zvimwe zvinhu, boka renyanzvi dzakasiyana siyana rinogadzira chirongwa chekurapa chemurwere, icho chinonyanya kukosha kune varwere vane mamiriro akaomarara.Kana iyo staging uye kuongororwa kwemurwere kwakajeka, kurapwa kunogona kuitwa maererano nemirairo yakakodzera yekenza yemudumbu.
8. Munhu anofanira kutsvaga sei kurapwa kwegomarara remudumbu nenzira yesainzi?
Kurapwa kusiri pamutemo kunogona kukurudzira kukura kwebundu maseru uye kuwedzera kuoma kwekurapwa kunotevera.Kuongororwa kwekutanga uye kurapwa kwakakosha kune varwere vane gomarara remudumbu, saka zvakakosha kutsvaga kurapwa kubva kudhipatimendi rakasarudzika reoncology.Mushure mekunyatsoongorora, chiremba achaongorora mamiriro emurwere uye kupa mazano ekurapa, izvo zvinofanirwa kukurukurwa nemurwere nemhuri dzavo vasati vaita sarudzo.Varwere vazhinji vanonzwa kushushikana uye vanoda kuongororwa nekukurumidza nhasi uye kuvhiyiwa mangwana.Havagoni kumirira mumutsetse kuti vaongororwe kana mubhedha wemuchipatara.Zvisinei, kuitira kuti ugamuchire kurapwa nokukurumidza, kuenda kuzvipatara zvisina hunyanzvi uye zvisiri zvehunyanzvi kunorapwa zvisina tsarukano zvinogona kuunza njodzi kune kunotevera kutungamira kwechirwere.
Kana gomarara remudumbu raonekwa, rinenge ravepo kwenguva yakati rebei.Kunze kwekunge paine matambudziko akanyanya akadai sekuboora, kubuda ropa, kana kuvharisa, hapana chikonzero chekunetsekana kuti kunonoka kuvhiyiwa nekukurumidza kuchaita kuti bundu riwedzere.Muchokwadi, kubvumira nguva yakakwana yekuti vanachiremba vanyatsonzwisisa mamiriro emurwere, kuongorora kushivirira kwavo mumuviri, uye kuongorora maitiro ebundu kwakakosha kune zvirinani kurapwa.
9. Tinofanira kuona sei mashoko okuti “chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevarwere vanotya zvokufa”?
Chirevo ichi chakanyanyisa.Muchokwadi, kenza haisi inotyisa sezvatingafungidzira.Vanhu vazhinji vanorarama negomarara uye vanorarama upenyu hunogutsa.Mushure mekuongororwa kenza, zvakakosha kugadzirisa mafungiro uye kuita kukurukurirana kwakanaka nevarwere vane tariro.Kune vanhu vari muchikamu chekupora mushure mekurapwa gomarara remudumbu, nhengo dzemhuri uye vavanoshanda navo havafanire kuvabata sevanhu vasina kusimba, vachivarambidza kuita chero chinhu.Iyi nzira inogona kuita kuti varwere vanzwe sekunge kukosha kwavo kusiri kuzivikanwa.
Chiyero chekurapa kwegomarara remudumbu
Mwero wekurapa gomarara remudumbu kuChina ungangoita 30%, isina kunyanya kuderera kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzegomarara.Pagomarara remudumbu rekutanga, mwero wekurapa unowanzo kutenderedza 80% kusvika 90%.Pachikamu chechipiri, inowanzotenderedza 70% kusvika 80%.Nekudaro, nedanho rechitatu, iro rinoonekwa sepamberi, mwero wekurapa unodonha kusvika pa30%, uye padanho IV, iri pasi pegumi muzana.
Panyaya yenzvimbo, gomarara remudumbu redistal rine mwero wekurapa wepamusoro uchienzaniswa nekenza yemudumbu.Distal cancer cancer inoreva gomarara riri padyo nepylorus, ukuwo gomarara remudumbu richireva gomarara riri padyo neCardia kana gastric body.Signet ring cell carcinoma inonyanya kunetsa kuona uye inoita metastasize, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekurapa.
Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti utarise kune chero shanduko mumuviri wako, kugara uchiongororwa nachiremba, uye kutsvaga kurapwa nekukurumidza kana uchiramba uchinetseka nemudumbu.Kana zvichidiwa, gastroscopy inofanira kuitwa.Varwere vakamborapwa endoscopic munguva yakapfuura vanofanirawo kugara vachitevera kugadzwa nenyanzvi yemudumbu uye kutevedzera zano rekurapa rekuongororwa nguva nenguva gastroscopy.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-10-2023